Sources what are the challenges of reducing solid waste. Modern solidwaste management plants in most developed countries now emphasize the practice of recycling and waste reduction at the source rather than incineration and land disposal. Siting municipal solid waste facilities david laws, lawrence susskind, and jason corburn. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw.
Domestic areas appropriate solid waste management strategies may vary for. If these quantities are added, the solid waste production rate reaches 45 kg per capita per day 100 lb. It may also pollute water sources and the environ ment. The sources of solid waste include residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management.
Essay on solid waste causes, effects and solid waste management. Electronic sources of waste the dvd and music players, tv, telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners and all the other electrical stuff at your home, which are of no more use, are electronic wastes. Valorization of organic matter solid waste via composting and anaerobic digestion. They do not need to go in a secondary container in the solid waste bins.
Municipal solid waste factsheet center for sustainable. No contained sources see the section below about contained source disposal no lead such as lead pigs and lead shielding radioactive gels. The process of transportation, storage, collection and processing of solid waste in a protective and economic manner is termed as solid waste management. According to the daily dawn dated february 27th,2002, karachi alone produces about some 10,000 metric tones of solid waste daily out of which only 30 40 percent is transported and dumped into open landfills while the rest is either left unattended or is being burnt insitu. Both source reduction and reuse are waste management techniques for the nonproduction or unmaking of waste. The economic benefits of recycling and waste reduction. Sources for 2025 projections of solid waste generation 12. Read this article and learn about the challenges of reducing solid waste. Resource recovery from municipal solid waste introduction public and private organizations throughout the united states are investigating and investing in technologies that will recover resources from municipal solid waste msw. Solid waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.
Municipal solid wastes heap up on the roads due to improper disposal system. Municipal solid waste msw collection and disposal is one of the major problems of urban environment in most countries worldwide today. Solid waste management is a global issue that is a growing source of concern in developed and developing countries due to increase urbanization. Due to poor implementation of environment protection laws, urbanization, lack of awareness and lack of participation from the public, the problem of solid waste has increased at the highest level. For more information on actions related to this source category, visit the regulation page for municipal solid waste landfills. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses.
Basically solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in table 8. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Waste toenergy waste incinerators were first built in the u s in the late 19th century and were quickly designed as powergenerating facilities today, there are three main ways that msw is incinerated. The available information from 2008 to 20 was synthesized and summarized in figure 31. Classification of sources of municipal solid wastes in developing countries article pdf available in resources conservation and recycling 321. In towns and cities, the three main sources are residential, commercial and industrial areas. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and.
As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans ever did. These are also called e waste, escrap, or waste electrical and electronic equipment weee. Food residues and waste such as kitchen refuse, garbage and swill 18 are described. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in developing cities. Packaging of most of the gifts is considered as the source of solid waste pollution as most of these are nonbiodegradable. Recent advances in petrochemical science references 1. Msw comes from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial. Inefficient waste disposal systems lead to environmental pollution along with presenting severe health hazards. Pdf classification of sources of municipal solid wastes.
Waste collection is the collection of solid waste from point of production residential, industrial commercial, institutional to the point of treatment or disposal. Municipality solid waste msw, also known as trash or garbage, have sources such as households, commerce, industry, public areas, institutions and services. Waste generation projections for 2025 by region 10 5. Morphology, composition, and mixing state of primary. Despite the fact that considerable research efforts have been done for the identification of the sources of construction waste, there is a need for research targeting the analysis of the identified sources in. Radioactive gels should be disposed of in the solid radioactive waste bins and not down the sink. Reduce solid waste disposal by 30 percent by 2020, from 6,550,000 tons of disposal in 2008 to 4,550,000 tons of disposal by 2020. Disposal of solid waste or waste incineration ash in sanitary polygons can endanger groundwater or surface water sources. Therefore, the construction of sanitary polygons has to be.
There are about three types of solid wastes namely. Municipal solid waste mswmore commonly known as trash or garbageconsists of everyday items we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Residences and homes where people live are some of the major sources of solid waste. Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization article pdf available in egyptian journal of petroleum 274. Chlorine is contained in dozens of materials that are found in municipal solid waste, plastics, computer boards, packaging, organic materials, etc. Municipal solid waste is collected in several ways. Solid waste characteristics composition and properties. These are solid wastes from home, offices, stores, schools, hospitals, hotels etc. Pdf solid and liquid waste management researchgate. Lead it is characteristic for lead, that many different products containing lead will end up in waste management systems and be a source of lead to incineration plants andor landfills. In order to have adequate record of waste and then develop tools for waste reduction, there is a need to identify the sources of waste and assess their impacts on project outcomes.
The congress finds with respect to energy, that 1 solid waste represents a potential source of solid. The centre of waste management abu dhabi and abu dhabi national oil company adnoc are the main sources of the report statistics. Think of dvd and music players, tv, telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners and all the other electrical stuff in your home. The recovery of fibers from paper has cellulose as major constituent. Chapter 7 solid waste management european commission. However, this figure may vary greatly in different cities and seasons. The above steps are followed thoroughly in waste management, its first and foremost priority is waste avoidance by minimizing it. Essay on solid waste causes, effects and solid waste. For example, endrin is a pesticide which is a listed p051 and characteristic d012 hazardous waste. Researchers have been exploring automated sorting techniques to improve the overall. As shown in the diagram above, solid waste management generally includes a collection of waste, transporting waste, processing and recycling it, and. Solid waste generation in districts of karachi 19912010 source.
Waste collectors visit each individual house to collect garbage. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Continue to divert toxic substances from the solid waste stream. Examination of chlorides in municipal solid waste to energy. Solid wastes may be defined as useless, unused, unwanted, or discarded material available in solid form. Municipal solid wastes are one the most common waste in our environment. Decomposing organic waste attracts animals, vermin.
Negotiating such changes in the level of solid waste service received with the solid. In most developing countries, such studies are not available because of the scarcity of technical knowledge and funding. To introduce the reader to the solid waste management field, an overview of municipal solid waste problems, sources, collection, resource recovery, and disposal methods are presented in this paper. You were introduced to the main types of liquid waste in study session 1. Physical and chemical composition of solid wastes vary depending on sources and types of solid wastes. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. In developing countries, there are no studies of waste generation that consider the issue of municipal solid waste msw sources. Final amendments to municipal solid waste landfills. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and appropriately. In other words, waste reduction of this type can be defined as the reduction, avoidance or elimination of the generation of solid wastes. These facilities are the most common type of incineration facilities in the u s waste destined for mass burn facilities is first sorted through to remove any hazardous.
Counties have turned to alternative methods of municipal solid waste disposal and handling to avoid sending unnecessary waste to their landfills and find valueadded benefits from landfill waste methods such as landfill gastoenergy and waste toenergy allow counties to generate renewable heat and electricity from previously unused sources. These areas become childrens sources of contamination due to the incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents. The waste may be defined as material for which no use or reuse is intended. Fly, ash is the major solid waste from thermal power plants. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, pollution, and outbreaks of disease. A carbon source is added to this nitrogenrich mix and then sent through an invessel. Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes e. We begin with a closer look at the sources and characteristics of liquid. Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. It is also known that until the last decade, msw was not analyzed as a global warming threat or a problem 6. The composition of liquid waste, also known as wastewater, is highly varied and depends principally on its source. Jul 11, 2017 morphology, composition, and mixing state of individual particles emitted from crop residue, wood, and solid waste combustion in a residential stove were analyzed using transmission electron.
Msw management solutions must be financially sustainable, technically feasible, socially, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. There is an increase in the number of rats and flies due to dumping of wastes in open places and they are the carriers of other organisms responsible for several dreaded diseases. The dumping of solid wastes is hazardous to human health. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants neshap. It is estimated that the amount of solid waste per capita is around 500 kilograms per year. Feeding the hungry and reducing solid waste through food recovery pdf 59 pp, 1. Municipal solid waste msw also called trash consists of everyday items such as product. Solid wastes are hazard as it adversely affects both biotic as well as abiotic components of the environment. Each of these waste types is examined separately below. A case study of granville brook dumpsite, freetown, sierra leone 666.
Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Improving the environmental performance of solid waste management facilities. The nature of the deposited waste in a landfill will affect gas and leachate production and composition by virtue of relative proportions of degradable and nondegradeable components, the moisture content and the specific. For more information on the rule, visit the regulation page for municipal solid waste landfills. Reducing solid waste isnt as simple as it might sound. The wastes generated from the natural processes and anthropogenic activities which pollute the environment and make the earth an unhealthy planet, is termed as environmental wastes, depending upon the physical states of wastes, these are of three types. Garbage from these places include food wastes, plastics, paper, glass. Municipal waste, industrial waste and hazardous waste.
Semisolid food wastes and municipal sludge may also be included in municipal solid waste. Pdf impact of solid waste on health and the environment. Solid waste management is an integral part of the environmental domain of any region. This study session is the first of three that builds on that introduction and describes liquid wastes in more detail. Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. This is waste from electronic and electrical devices. It exposes the scavengers to a number of diseases e. Pdf disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in both urban and rural areas in many developed and developing countries. Municipal solid waste msw, commonly called trash or garbage, includes wastes such as durable goods e. It has been estimated that about twentyfive human diseases are associated with solid waste.
Solid and liquid wastes generated from both animal and domestic sources can significantly impair drinking, irrigation, recreational water and other water sources in rural and urban areas. Epas program to reduce solid waste at the source pdf 20 pp, 386k waste not, want not. The analysis of sources to waste has focused on solid waste. Other fruits and vegetables solid waste are a valuable sources for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. New source performance standards nsps, emission guidelines eg and compliance times. The term solid waste management mainly refers to the complete process of collecting, treating and disposing of the solid wastes. A planning tool flyer pdf 2 pp, 810k spotlight on waste prevention. Solid radioactive wastes usnrc technical training center 51 rev.
Solid waste management is a severe challenge in developing countries like ethiopia due to the growing mixture of waste characteristics and deficiency of operational application of dependable waste. Since source reduction and reuse both result in the prevention of waste in the first place, the. Current waste generation per capita by income level 10 6. Comparison of solid waste management practices by income level 5 2. Quantitative analysis of the sources of construction waste. Bioconversion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste into a number of products including sugar, ethanol, and protein compost, has been reported in the literature by 4, 10. Liquid waste was defined in study session 1 as any waste in liquid form. Classification of sources of municipal solid wastes in. In the waste management process, the wastes are collected from the different sources and are disposed of. The current project considers all waste materials, but within the constraints of the limited project timeline, the focus is on identifying specific examples that help to demonstrate the issues with existing approaches to defining and classifying waste in australia, and most of the examples identified relate to solid waste streams. Solid radioactive waste office of environmental health and. Sources of municipal solid waste information on the sources of msw was provided by a number of emb regional offices in addition to data from submitted swm plans. What we do not know is how are they categorized and where did they exactly come from.